Root Cause Analysis

Root Cause Analysis is an analytical method used to determine the basic underlying reason that causes a variance, defect, or risk.

It identifies the origin of a problem by examining the contributing factors in depth, enabling effective corrective actions that address the source rather than just the symptoms.

Key Characteristics

• Causality-Focused – Traces issues back to their true origin
• Fact-Based – Uses data and evidence to support conclusions
• Prevention-Oriented – Aims to eliminate recurrence through corrective action
• Widely Applicable – Used across risk, quality, scope, and schedule domains

Example Scenarios

• Investigating why a critical path task was delayed beyond float tolerance
• Analyzing recurring product defects to identify process weaknesses
• Determining the underlying cause of a budget overrun due to resource conflicts

Example Root Cause Analysis Cycle

flowchart LR
    A[Define the Problem]
    B[Collect Data]
    C[Identify Possible Causes]
    D[Determine Root Cause]
    E[Develop Corrective Action]
    F[Implement Solution]
    G[Monitor Results]
    H[Standardize & Share Learning]

    A --> B
    B --> C
    C --> D
    D --> E
    E --> F
    F --> G
    G --> H
    H --> A

Role in Project and Quality Management

• Supports Corrective Actions – Ensures responses address root causes, not symptoms
• Improves Process Maturity – Strengthens systems by eliminating fundamental failures
• Reduces Recurrence – Prevents repeated issues that impact performance
• Feeds Lessons Learned – Contributes to organizational knowledge and future planning

See also: Variance Analysis, Defect Repair, Lessons Learned Register, Corrective Action, Monitor and Control Project Work.