An activity is a distinct, scheduled portion of work performed during the course of a project. Activities represent the tasks necessary to complete project deliverables and are fundamental to project scheduling and execution.
Key Aspects of an Activity
- Defined Scope – Each activity has a clear objective and expected outcome.
- Time-Bound – Scheduled with a start and finish date.
- Resource-Driven – Requires assigned resources (people, equipment, or materials).
- Sequenced – Often dependent on other activities within a project schedule.
Types of Activities
- Discrete Activities – Produce tangible results, such as coding a feature or writing a report.
- Level of Effort (LoE) Activities – Support work, such as project oversight or maintenance.
- Apportioned Effort – Work distributed across other activities, like quality assurance reviews.
Example Scenarios
Software Development Project
- Activity: Develop login authentication module.
- Dependencies: Cannot start until the database schema is finalized.
- Duration: Estimated at two weeks.
Construction Project
- Activity: Pour foundation concrete.
- Dependencies: Requires site preparation and permit approval.
- Resources: Construction crew, concrete mix, and machinery.
Why Activities Matter
- Enable Scheduling & Tracking – Provide a basis for timeline estimation and project monitoring.
- Improve Resource Management – Help allocate manpower, tools, and budget effectively.
- Facilitate Dependency Management – Ensure logical sequencing and prevent delays.
See also: Accountability.