A Stakeholder is an individual, group, or organization that may affect, be affected by, or perceive itself to be affected by a decision, activity, or outcome of a portfolio, program, or project.
Stakeholders can be internal or external and have varying levels of influence, interest, and involvement. Identifying and engaging stakeholders early and continuously is critical to project success.
Key Characteristics
- Broad Inclusion – Includes anyone with a vested interest or perceived impact
- Variable Influence – May hold high authority, subject matter expertise, or public voice
- Requires Active Engagement – Needs tailored communication and involvement strategies
- Dynamic Over Time – Roles and concerns may evolve throughout the project lifecycle
Example Scenarios
- A project sponsor funding and guiding the initiative
- End users who interact with the delivered product
- Regulators who enforce compliance with laws or standards
Role in Project and Program Success
- Shapes Requirements and Priorities – Influences scope, goals, and trade-offs
- Supports Risk Management – Can introduce or help mitigate risks
- Drives Adoption and Buy-In – Critical for acceptance of deliverables and benefits
- Informs Communication Planning – Guides frequency, format, and content of engagement
See also: Sponsor, Stakeholder Register, Stakeholder Engagement Plan, Project Charter, Governance.